What type of decay tends to occur for elements with atomic number greater than or equal to 82 (Z≥82)?

Elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 82 are primarily unstable and undergo alpha decay as a common mode of radiation. This type of decay involves the emission of an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons (essentially a helium nucleus). As a result, the original atom loses two protons and two neutrons, which leads to a decrease in its atomic number and mass.

Alpha decay is particularly prevalent in heavy elements because they possess a large number of protons, leading to significant electrostatic repulsion among them. By emitting an alpha particle, the nucleus moves toward a more stable configuration. This tendency is observed mainly in heavy elements, such as lead (atomic number 82) and uranium (atomic number 92), where the atomic structure benefits from reducing the size and instability through this emission process.

Neutron, positron, and beta decay are other forms of radioactive decay but are not the primary decay mode for elements with such high atomic numbers. Neutron decay generally occurs in unstable isotopes that have an excess of neutrons. Positron decay is more common in lighter isotopes that are proton-rich and are generally not seen in elements with high atomic numbers. Beta decay, which involves the transformation of