What phenomenon occurs when x-rays are redirected after contact with a substance?

The phenomenon that occurs when x-rays are redirected after contacting a substance is known as x-ray scatter. When x-rays interact with matter, they can change direction due to various interactions with the atoms in the substance. This is particularly relevant in radiation safety, as scattered radiation can expose personnel and the surrounding environment to additional doses of radiation.

X-ray scatter typically occurs when the x-rays collide with particles within the material, leading to a change in their trajectory rather than being absorbed or transmitted. The scattered x-rays retain some energy and can be detected, which is important for both imaging purposes and radiation protection measures. Understanding scattering is crucial for developing safety protocols, managing exposure levels, and utilizing shielding materials effectively.

In contrast, x-ray absorption involves the energy from x-rays being taken up by the material, preventing them from proceeding further. X-ray reflection refers to the bouncing back of x-rays from a surface without penetrating it, while x-ray transmission is the passage of x-rays through a substance without being absorbed or significantly changed in direction. Each of these processes has distinct implications for radiation safety and imaging techniques.