What is the primary concern regarding gamma/X-rays during a radiation incident?

The primary concern regarding gamma and X-rays during a radiation incident is external contamination. Gamma and X-rays are forms of ionizing radiation that can penetrate materials, including the human body, to a significant extent. When an incident occurs, the primary threat comes from the ability of this radiation to expose individuals to harmful doses.

External contamination refers to radioactive materials that are on the surface of a person's skin or clothing, or on other objects, leading to potential exposure. In contrast to alpha and beta particles which have limited penetration capabilities, gamma and X-rays can result in whole-body exposure without direct contact with a radioactive source. This necessitates immediate protective measures, such as distance, shielding, and time management, to mitigate the risk.

While internal contamination, long-term environmental impact, and equipment malfunction are important considerations in radiation safety, they are secondary to the immediate threat posed by external radiation exposure from gamma and X-rays in a radiation incident scenario. This is why external contamination is prioritized in terms of safety protocols and emergency response strategies during such events.