What is the primary agency responsible for regulating radioactive materials?

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is the primary agency responsible for regulating the use of radioactive materials in the United States. Established by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, the NRC's mandate includes overseeing the production, use, transportation, and disposal of nuclear materials to ensure public health and safety.

The NRC plays a crucial role in issuing licenses for the use of nuclear materials, setting safety standards, and conducting inspections to ensure compliance with regulations. By focusing on protecting both the public and the environment from the hazards associated with radioactive substances, the NRC effectively fulfills its regulatory responsibilities in a systematic and comprehensive manner.

In contrast, the other agencies listed have different primary functions. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) focuses on environmental protection and oversees regulations concerning environmental pollutants, including some aspects of radiation, but does not specifically regulate radioactive materials. The Department of Energy (DOE) deals primarily with energy matters, including the management of the country’s nuclear weapons and energy programs, rather than direct regulatory oversight. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is concerned with workplace safety and health standards, which may cover some radiation safety aspects but is not the primary regulatory body for radioactive materials.